{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import os\n",
    "from dotenv import load_dotenv\n",
    "# Load environment variables from openai.env file\n",
    "load_dotenv(\"openai.env\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Read the OPENAI_API_KEY from the environment\n",
    "api_key = os.getenv(\"OPENAI_API_KEY\")\n",
    "api_base = os.getenv(\"OPENAI_API_BASE\")\n",
    "os.environ[\"OPENAI_API_KEY\"] = api_key\n",
    "os.environ[\"OPENAI_API_BASE\"] = api_base"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 使用文件加载专用chains\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple\n",
      "Requirement already satisfied: numexpr in /Users/tomiezhang/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages (2.8.8)\n",
      "Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in /Users/tomiezhang/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages (from numexpr) (1.26.1)\n",
      "\n",
      "\u001b[1m[\u001b[0m\u001b[34;49mnotice\u001b[0m\u001b[1;39;49m]\u001b[0m\u001b[39;49m A new release of pip is available: \u001b[0m\u001b[31;49m23.2.1\u001b[0m\u001b[39;49m -> \u001b[0m\u001b[32;49m24.0\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1m[\u001b[0m\u001b[34;49mnotice\u001b[0m\u001b[1;39;49m]\u001b[0m\u001b[39;49m To update, run: \u001b[0m\u001b[32;49mpip install --upgrade pip\u001b[0m\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "! pip install numexpr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ConnectionError",
     "evalue": "HTTPSConnectionPool(host='raw.githubusercontent.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /hwchase17/langchain-hub/master/chains/llm-math/chain.json (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x106769f50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused'))",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mConnectionRefusedError\u001b[0m                    Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:203\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnection._new_conn\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    202\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 203\u001b[0m     sock \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mconnection\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mcreate_connection\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    204\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_dns_host\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mport\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    205\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtimeout\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    206\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43msource_address\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msource_address\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    207\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43msocket_options\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msocket_options\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    208\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    209\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m socket\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mgaierror \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:85\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mcreate_connection\u001b[0;34m(address, timeout, source_address, socket_options)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     84\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m---> 85\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m err\n\u001b[1;32m     86\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     87\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Break explicitly a reference cycle\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:73\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mcreate_connection\u001b[0;34m(address, timeout, source_address, socket_options)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     72\u001b[0m     sock\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mbind(source_address)\n\u001b[0;32m---> 73\u001b[0m \u001b[43msock\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconnect\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43msa\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Break explicitly a reference cycle\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mConnectionRefusedError\u001b[0m: [Errno 61] Connection refused",
      "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mNewConnectionError\u001b[0m                        Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:790\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnectionPool.urlopen\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, preload_content, decode_content, **response_kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    789\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Make the request on the HTTPConnection object\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 790\u001b[0m response \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_make_request\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    791\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mconn\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    792\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    793\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    794\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mtimeout\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtimeout_obj\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    795\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mbody\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mbody\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    796\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mheaders\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mheaders\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    797\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mchunked\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mchunked\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    798\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mretries\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mretries\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    799\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mresponse_conn\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mresponse_conn\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    800\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mpreload_content\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mpreload_content\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    801\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mdecode_content\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mdecode_content\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    802\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mresponse_kw\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    803\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    805\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Everything went great!\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:491\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnectionPool._make_request\u001b[0;34m(self, conn, method, url, body, headers, retries, timeout, chunked, response_conn, preload_content, decode_content, enforce_content_length)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    490\u001b[0m         new_e \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m _wrap_proxy_error(new_e, conn\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mproxy\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mscheme)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 491\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m new_e\n\u001b[1;32m    493\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    494\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:467\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnectionPool._make_request\u001b[0;34m(self, conn, method, url, body, headers, retries, timeout, chunked, response_conn, preload_content, decode_content, enforce_content_length)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    466\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 467\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_validate_conn\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mconn\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    468\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:1096\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPSConnectionPool._validate_conn\u001b[0;34m(self, conn)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1095\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m conn\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mis_closed:\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1096\u001b[0m     \u001b[43mconn\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mconnect\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m   1098\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m conn\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mis_verified:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:611\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPSConnection.connect\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    610\u001b[0m sock: socket\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msocket \u001b[38;5;241m|\u001b[39m ssl\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mSSLSocket\n\u001b[0;32m--> 611\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msock \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m sock \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_new_conn\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    612\u001b[0m server_hostname: \u001b[38;5;28mstr\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mhost\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:218\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnection._new_conn\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    217\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mOSError\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 218\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m NewConnectionError(\n\u001b[1;32m    219\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m, \u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mFailed to establish a new connection: \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00me\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m    220\u001b[0m     ) \u001b[38;5;28;01mfrom\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21;01me\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    222\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Audit hooks are only available in Python 3.8+\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mNewConnectionError\u001b[0m: <urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x106769f50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused",
      "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mMaxRetryError\u001b[0m                             Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:486\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPAdapter.send\u001b[0;34m(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    485\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 486\u001b[0m     resp \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mconn\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43murlopen\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    487\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    488\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    489\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mbody\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mbody\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    490\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mheaders\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mheaders\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    491\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mredirect\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mFalse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    492\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43massert_same_host\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mFalse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    493\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mpreload_content\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mFalse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    494\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mdecode_content\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mFalse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    495\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mretries\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmax_retries\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    496\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mtimeout\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtimeout\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    497\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mchunked\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mchunked\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    498\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    500\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m (ProtocolError, \u001b[38;5;167;01mOSError\u001b[39;00m) \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m err:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:844\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPConnectionPool.urlopen\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, preload_content, decode_content, **response_kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    842\u001b[0m     new_e \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m ProtocolError(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mConnection aborted.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m, new_e)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 844\u001b[0m retries \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mretries\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mincrement\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    845\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43merror\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mnew_e\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m_pool\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m_stacktrace\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msys\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mexc_info\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m2\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    846\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    847\u001b[0m retries\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msleep()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py:515\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mRetry.increment\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, response, error, _pool, _stacktrace)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    514\u001b[0m     reason \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m error \u001b[38;5;129;01mor\u001b[39;00m ResponseError(cause)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 515\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) \u001b[38;5;28;01mfrom\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21;01mreason\u001b[39;00m  \u001b[38;5;66;03m# type: ignore[arg-type]\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    517\u001b[0m log\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mdebug(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mIncremented Retry for (url=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m%s\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m): \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m%r\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m, url, new_retry)\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mMaxRetryError\u001b[0m: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='raw.githubusercontent.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /hwchase17/langchain-hub/master/chains/llm-math/chain.json (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x106769f50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused'))",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mConnectionError\u001b[0m                           Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[5], line 3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mfrom\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21;01mlangchain\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;21;01m.\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;21;01mchains\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mimport\u001b[39;00m load_chain\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0m chain \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mload_chain\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mlc://chains/llm-math/chain.json\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(chain\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrun(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m2+6等于几?\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m))\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain/chains/loading.py:591\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mload_chain\u001b[0;34m(path, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    589\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mload_chain\u001b[39m(path: Union[\u001b[38;5;28mstr\u001b[39m, Path], \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39mkwargs: Any) \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m>\u001b[39m Chain:\n\u001b[1;32m    590\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;250m    \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124;03m\"\"\"Unified method for loading a chain from LangChainHub or local fs.\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 591\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m hub_result \u001b[38;5;241m:=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mtry_load_from_hub\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    592\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mpath\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m_load_chain_from_file\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mchains\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m{\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mjson\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43myaml\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m}\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    593\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m:\n\u001b[1;32m    594\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m hub_result\n\u001b[1;32m    595\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/_api/deprecation.py:145\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mdeprecated.<locals>.deprecate.<locals>.warning_emitting_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(*args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    143\u001b[0m     warned \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    144\u001b[0m     emit_warning()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 145\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43mwrapped\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/utils/loading.py:61\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mtry_load_from_hub\u001b[0;34m(path, loader, valid_prefix, valid_suffixes, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     58\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m full_url\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mstartswith(LANGCHAINHUB_REPO):\n\u001b[1;32m     59\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mInvalid hub path: \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mpath\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m---> 61\u001b[0m r \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mrequests\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mget\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mfull_url\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mtimeout\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m5\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m     62\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m r\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mstatus_code \u001b[38;5;241m!=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m200\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[1;32m     63\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mCould not find file at \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mfull_url\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py:73\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mget\u001b[0;34m(url, params, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     62\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mget\u001b[39m(url, params\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m, \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39mkwargs):\n\u001b[1;32m     63\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;250m    \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mr\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124;03m\"\"\"Sends a GET request.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     64\u001b[0m \n\u001b[1;32m     65\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    :rtype: requests.Response\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     71\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;03m    \"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 73\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mget\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mparams\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mparams\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py:59\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mrequest\u001b[0;34m(method, url, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     55\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     56\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     57\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m     58\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mwith\u001b[39;00m sessions\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mSession() \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m session:\n\u001b[0;32m---> 59\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[43msession\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mmethod\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43murl\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:589\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mSession.request\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, params, data, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, hooks, stream, verify, cert, json)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    584\u001b[0m send_kwargs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m {\n\u001b[1;32m    585\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mtimeout\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m: timeout,\n\u001b[1;32m    586\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mallow_redirects\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m: allow_redirects,\n\u001b[1;32m    587\u001b[0m }\n\u001b[1;32m    588\u001b[0m send_kwargs\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mupdate(settings)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 589\u001b[0m resp \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msend\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mprep\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msend_kwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    591\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m resp\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:703\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mSession.send\u001b[0;34m(self, request, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    700\u001b[0m start \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m preferred_clock()\n\u001b[1;32m    702\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Send the request\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 703\u001b[0m r \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43madapter\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43msend\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mrequest\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    705\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    706\u001b[0m elapsed \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m preferred_clock() \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m start\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:519\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHTTPAdapter.send\u001b[0;34m(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    515\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28misinstance\u001b[39m(e\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mreason, _SSLError):\n\u001b[1;32m    516\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;66;03m# This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    517\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m SSLError(e, request\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mrequest)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 519\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mConnectionError\u001b[39;00m(e, request\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mrequest)\n\u001b[1;32m    521\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m ClosedPoolError \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    522\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mConnectionError\u001b[39;00m(e, request\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mrequest)\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mConnectionError\u001b[0m: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='raw.githubusercontent.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /hwchase17/langchain-hub/master/chains/llm-math/chain.json (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x106769f50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused'))"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.chains import load_chain\n",
    "\n",
    "chain = load_chain(\"lc://chains/llm-math/chain.json\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(chain.run(\"2+6等于几?\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chain = load_chain(\"lc://chains/hello-world/chain.json\")\n",
    "\n",
    "chain.run(\"男人\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## CustomChain\n",
    "当通用链不满足的时候，可以自行构建来实现特定的目的\n",
    "<hr>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional\n",
    "from langchain.callbacks.manager import (\n",
    "    CallbackManagerForChainRun\n",
    ")\n",
    "from langchain.chains.base import  Chain\n",
    "from langchain.prompts.base import BasePromptTemplate\n",
    "from langchain.base_language import  BaseLanguageModel\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class wiki_article_chain(Chain):\n",
    "    \"\"\"开发一个wiki文章生成器\"\"\"\n",
    "    prompt:BasePromptTemplate\n",
    "    llm:BaseLanguageModel\n",
    "    out_key:str=\"text\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    @property\n",
    "    def input_keys(self) -> List[str]:\n",
    "        \"\"\"将返回Prompt所需的所有键\"\"\"\n",
    "        return self.prompt.input_variables\n",
    "    \n",
    "    @property\n",
    "    def output_keys(self) -> List[str]:\n",
    "        \"\"\"将始终返回text键\"\"\"\n",
    "        return [self.out_key]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def _call(\n",
    "        self,\n",
    "        inputs:Dict[str,Any],\n",
    "        run_manager:Optional[CallbackManagerForChainRun]=None,\n",
    "    ) -> Dict[str,Any]:\n",
    "        \"\"\"运行链\"\"\"\n",
    "        prompt_value = self.prompt.format_prompt(**inputs)\n",
    "        #print(\"prompt_value:\",prompt_value)\n",
    "        response = self.llm.generate_prompt(\n",
    "            [prompt_value],callbacks=run_manager.get_child() if run_manager else None\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        #print(\"response:\",response)\n",
    "        if run_manager:\n",
    "            run_manager.on_text(\"wiki article is written\")\n",
    "        return {self.out_key:response.generations[0][0].text}\n",
    "    \n",
    "    @property\n",
    "    def _chain_type(self) -> str:\n",
    "        \"\"\"链类型\"\"\"\n",
    "        return \"wiki_article_chain\"\n",
    "       \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/tomiezhang/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/_api/deprecation.py:117: LangChainDeprecationWarning: The class `langchain_community.chat_models.openai.ChatOpenAI` was deprecated in langchain-community 0.0.10 and will be removed in 0.2.0. An updated version of the class exists in the langchain-openai package and should be used instead. To use it run `pip install -U langchain-openai` and import as `from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI`.\n",
      "  warn_deprecated(\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.chat_models import  ChatOpenAI\n",
    "from langchain.prompts import  PromptTemplate\n",
    "\n",
    "chain = wiki_article_chain(\n",
    "    prompt=PromptTemplate(\n",
    "        template=\"写一篇关于{topic}的维基百科形式的文章\",\n",
    "        input_variables=[\"topic\"]\n",
    "    ),\n",
    "    llm=ChatOpenAI(\n",
    "        temperature=0\n",
    "    ),\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/tomiezhang/.pyenv/versions/3.10.12/envs/langchains/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/_api/deprecation.py:117: LangChainDeprecationWarning: The function `run` was deprecated in LangChain 0.1.0 and will be removed in 0.2.0. Use invoke instead.\n",
      "  warn_deprecated(\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "降本增效（英文：Cost reduction and efficiency improvement）是指企业或组织通过优化资源配置和管理，降低成本，提高生产效率和经营效益的一种管理方法。降本增效是企业管理中非常重要的一环，可以帮助企业提高竞争力，实现可持续发展。\n",
      "\n",
      "降本增效的目标是通过降低生产成本和提高生产效率，实现企业的盈利最大化。在实施降本增效的过程中，企业需要进行全面的成本分析，找出造成成本增加的原因，并采取相应的措施进行改进。这些措施可以包括优化生产流程、提高员工效率、降低原材料成本、减少浪费等。\n",
      "\n",
      "降本增效的好处是显而易见的。首先，通过降低成本，企业可以提高产品的竞争力，降低价格，吸引更多的消费者。其次，提高生产效率可以缩短生产周期，提高产量，增加企业的盈利空间。最后，降本增效还可以帮助企业建立良好的财务基础，为未来的发展打下坚实的基础。\n",
      "\n",
      "在实施降本增效的过程中，企业需要注意一些关键点。首先，要建立科学的成本管理体系，确保成本数据的准确性和及时性。其次，要注重员工的培训和激励，提高员工的工作积极性和效率。最后，要不断进行成本分析和效率评估，及时调整管理策略，确保降本增效的效果持续。\n",
      "\n",
      "总的来说，降本增效是企业管理中非常重要的一环，可以帮助企业提高竞争力，实现可持续发展。通过降低成本和提高效率，企业可以实现盈利最大化，为未来的发展奠定坚实的基础。因此，企业应该重视降本增效工作，不断优化管理，提高效率，实现可持续发展。\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "result = chain.run({\"topic\":\"降本增效\"})\n",
    "print(result)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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